Nevertheless, of those, only Intel, AMD, VIA Technologies, and DM&P Electronics hold x86 architectural licenses, and from these, only the first two are actively producing modern 64-bit designs. The architecture has been implemented in processors from Intel, Cyrix, AMD, VIA Technologies and many other companies there are also open implementations, such as the Zet SoC platform (currently inactive).
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Many additions and extensions have been added to the x86 instruction set over the years, almost consistently with full backward compatibility. The term "x86" came into being because the names of several successors to Intel's 8086 processor end in "86", including the 80186, 80286, 8036 processors. The 8086 was introduced in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's 8-bit 8080 microprocessor, with memory segmentation as a solution for addressing more memory than can be covered by a plain 16-bit address.
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X86 is a family of instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor and its 8088 variant. The pre-586 subset of the x86 architecture is therefore fully open.ĪMD Athlon (early version), a technically different but fully compatible x86 implementation
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The 80486 processor has been on the market for more than 30 years and so cannot be subject to patent claims. For some advanced features, x86 may require license from Intel x86-64 may require an additional license from AMD. X87, IA-32, x86-64, MMX, 3DNow!, SSE, MCA, ACPI, SSE2, NX bit, SMT, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.2, AES-NI, CLMUL, RDRAND, SHA, MPX, SME, SGX, XOP, F16C, ADX, BMI, FMA, AVX, AVX2, AVX-VNNI, AVX512, VT-x, VT-d, AMD-V, AMD-Vi, TSX, ASF, TXT For the 32-bit generation of this architecture that is also referred to as "x86", see IA-32.ġ978 (16-bit), 1985 (32-bit), 2003 (64-bit) This article is about the Intel microprocessor architecture in general.